Transmisi Harga dan Efisiensi Rantai Pemasaran Pisang Kabupaten Karo

Abstrak

This study aims to evaluate price transmission and the efficiency of the banana marketing chain in Karo Regency through a simulation of monthly price data for the 2020–2025 period. The variables analyzed include producer prices in Karo, wholesale prices in Berastagi, retail prices in Medan, and retail prices in Deli Serdang. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, marketing margins, the ratio of margins to producer prices, price correlations, log-log price transmission elasticity, unit root tests, Johansen cointegration, and Granger causality summaries. The results indicate that the average margins for the Medan-Karo and Deli Serdang-Karo segments are larger than the Berastagi-Karo. This indicates that distribution costs, damage risk, sorting, and the structure of the marketing chain are important factors shaping retail prices. Long-run elasticity approaching one suggests that changes in Karo producer prices are relatively passed on to the destination market, but the size of the margins indicates that marketing efficiency is not yet optimal. Policy implications include strengthening farmer institutions, improving quality standards and grading, developing price information systems, and coordinating collective transportation to ensure that the share of the price received by farmers can increase.